Settlements, shops, industries and communications
Settlements and shops
A group of people living together in an organized way forms a settlements differ in size.
Fertile soil, availability of water, a pleasant climate, the comforts of an organized life and its safety and security are the factors that move people to live together in settlements.
People living in a settlement generally speak the same language, eat the same kind of food and have similar customs.
A small settlement is called a village. A small village may not have been even modern transport facilities. You may have to travel by a bullock cart to reach such a village. Most of the people in a village depend on agriculture for their live hood. People live small thatched houses though may be some large houses as well. Villages may have only a tiny shop our two but most people buy and sell goods at the weekly market once a week.
A town is larger than a village. More people live here. The people in a town have carried interests and make their live hood in different ways. Towns are usually connected by a railway network and various bus routes to far-reaching places. Shops in a town are larger than village shops as they have to cater to a larger number of people.
A city is much larger than a town covering thousands of kilometers. A city draws people from different corner of the country, with different habits and customs. In a city you meet people from other countries of the world. There are posh hotels for these international travelers. The supermarkets are stocked with every kind of food, other goods and the least devices and gadgets. To save precious land, people live is small flats in tall buildings that accommodate more people.
Industries and communications
Cites grow in two ways. Sometimes, the presence of some raw materials encourages the growth of an industry. A whole settlement develops around the industry as more and more people are to the place for jobs and livelihood. Jameshedpur in Bihar and Neyveli in Tamil Nadu provided examples of such growth.
When, iron-ore deposits were discovered in Jameshedpur and other requirements of the steel industry. Like water from the river Survarnarekha and labor in and around the area, were also available-the steel industry developed rapidly –the steel industry developed rapidly here. Again, when lignite deposits were discovered in Neyveli, it grew into a large industrial centre.
On the other hand, the introduction of industrialization in a small township can lead to its growth. Faridabad near Delhi and hours near Bangalore were both economically backward. But their planned growth helped to ease some of the population burden on the big cities while making them rich through industrialization.
Industry can develop in these four ways.
a) In cottage industry goods and articles are made at home in villages. Workers use their own hands and simple tools to make the things. It helps the villagers to supplement their income as the women can do this work at home during their spare time. For instance, many women are engaged making in papads and agarbathis at home.
b) A small scale industry uses electricity to the run the machines up to a capacity of 20 H.P. only. You may come across these industries if you just take a walk down the road like grill works, welding and electroplating workshop. Small scale industries are usually found in town and cites.
c) A large scale industry is one which uses more than 100 H.P to run the machines, these re usually found in the out skirts o cities. Paper mils and textile mills are said to be large scale industries.
d) Heavy industry is built up through a number of small factories which are use more than 5000 H.P to run the machines. Telco in Jameshedpur and Hindustan Aeronautics at Bangalore provide examples of heavy industry.
Transport
Transport plays a very important part in the development of industries. Means of transport have to be arranged to move raw materials to the factory and the finished goods from the factory to different parts of the country. Even labor or the workmen have to travel to and fro to the factories.
Communication
For business and industries to flourish, it is important to build a modern system on communication. The postal system as well as the telephone and internet are used for communication. Important news communication communicated to us through the radio and television. Nowadays lots of information are also communicated through computer net works.
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