Semiology

Semiotics or semiology is the science of signs.

The term semiotics was created by Emile Littre and for him, he brought to medicine He was then taken up and expanded by Ferdinand de Saussure, for whom the semiotics is "the science which studies the life of signs within social life"

Every science student of signs is a semiology. The term is used in several disciplines.


Semiotics Linguistics

Semiology (from Greek "semeion, the signs and logos," speech "," reason "," study ") appears to be a new discipline. In linguistics, the general theory of signs is not new since the meeting with authors such as court Gebelin or Joseph-Marie de Gerando.


Nearly a century fell into oblivion, the publication of the Course in General Linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure proposes to renew the definition, or rather to limit the scope of study: "We can design a science which studies the life of signs within social life, it would form part of social psychology, and consequently of general psychology, we shall call it semiology. She would teach us what constitutes signs, what laws govern them. Since it does not exist, we can not say what it is but it's right to exist, its place is determined in advance. The language is only part of the general science ... "

We witness a renewed interest in the study of signs and semiotics becomes a new discipline in the social sciences with authors such as Greimas, Barthes, Jean Baudrillard, Mounin or Umberto Eco.


This definition will be gradually extended to other fields as philology into a general science of communication. Thus, Buyssens proposed to define semiotics as "the science that studies the processes that we use to communicate our feelings and those by which we interpret the statement that we made" . This definition borrows most of methodological individualism, will be quickly overtaken by the design of Greimas, which considers the semiotics in all its cultural dimension and as a social fact.

Today, the second dominant semiotics. It meant that the first confined in a more specialized and that was the description of specific systems of specific signs. For Hjelmslev, semiology is a semiotics whose plane of content is itself a semiotic. This distinction is somehow reflected here. On a more conscious, we wanted to in the phrase "semiological system" for example, introducing between semiotics and semiology in the same shade as that between phonetics and phonology: a shade between the science of substance and that of form.

"TWO SCHOOLS Semiology. Semiology of Communication and Semiotics of service. 1) The semiotics of communication studies only the world of signs, for example the study of systems of mourning or white cane for the blind (system to one single sign or signs). Representatives eminent Mounin, Eric BUYSSENS Louis Prieto. Semiology Communication has studied the code of road, railway signals sea and air, walrus, ringtones military , badges, computer languages, musical notation, the language of chemistry, computers, languages spoken, whistled, the tam-tam ... 2) The semiotics of the Service has no a priori she studied signs and indications, regardless of the distinction. Representative: Roland Barthes creator of the current. She is interested in everything that means something without worrying if it is voluntary or not. interpretation of social phenomena, it seeks if things do not have a hidden meaning, symbolic values such as fighting good and bad among wrestlers. The combat role of catharsis. She has dealt with analysis of pubs, concepts involved in language . - Aware, conventional, precise semiology of communication. universe of hidden meaning, loosely, unconventional: semiology of Meaning. - According to the course of C. Maury-Rouan, Language and Communication. "


Medical semiology

For the medical term that was invented by Emile Littré. Medical semiology is the part of medicine that studies signs and symptoms and how to meet them and present them to pose a diagnosis.


Geography Semiology

It also speaks of semiotics in geography. It is used as a "technical" interpretation or translation. In particular, geography is interested not only in general semiotics, but also the graphic semiology: for example, the study of the relevance of representations of space (including maps) and social groups that inhabit them (representations landscape, the process of identity construction, etc..) use the conceptual framework of semiotics graphic.


Visual Semiotics

Visual semiotics and visual semiotics has been particularly developed in the work of the group μ, especially in the fundamental work that is the visual sign Treaty (1992). This book part of the physiological basis of vision, to see how meaning is investing little by little visual objects. It differs from the first iconic signs (or icons), which refer to objects in the world, and plastic signs, which produce meanings in three types of event such as the color, the texture and shape. It shows how the visual language organizes its units into a real grammar. Such grammmaire can see how a rhetorical vision, in a general rhetoric.


Semiotics of Photography

Pol Corvez (semiotics at the University of Angers) works on the semiotics of photography. Instead of relying on referrals, as do the traditional types, it is based on the identification and analysis of signifiers own photography and graphic arts and offers a typology of photographic works. He called the new discipline of "photolog. This typology includes four classes: the clinic, the mythical, and the Déixique morphic. The photolog His thesis: a semiotics of photography, is available in university libraries.


Film Semiology

The semiotics of cinema in particular has been developed by Christian Metz.


Semiology of Music


In 1970 Jean-Jacques and Jean Molino Nattiez publish the basic texts of the semiotics of music "Fundamentals of the semiotics of music" and "Made musical semiology of music."

The semiotics of Molino and Nattiez based on two triads:
the tripartite concept of symbolic forms and
triadic conception of the sign developed by Charles Sanders Peirce.

The tripartite division of Molino and Nattiez argues that any piece of music can be approached from three perspectives:
level poietic (in terms of production)
aesthesic level (in terms of who gets the musical message) and
the immanent level of the work (the neutral level, all configurations of the musical text).

The originality of the tripartite division of Molino and mats is the assertion of non-convergence of the three levels

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